Ubuntu 是一个广泛使用的开源操作系统，有许多国内镜像源可供选择。主要有：清华大学开源软件镜像站、中科大镜像站、阿里云镜像站等，这些镜像站都提供 Ubuntu 软件仓库的镜像，用于加速 ubuntu 各软件的安装、更新等操作。执行软件仓库更新前，建议执行 mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak备份默认软件仓库。
阿里云 官方镜像站：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
阿里云 各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像 下载地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/
apt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources << EOF
2
3Types: deb
4URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
5Suites: resolute resolute-updates resolute-backports
6Components: main universe restricted multiverse
7Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
8
9Types: deb
10URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
11Suites: resolute-security
12Components: main universe restricted multiverse
13Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
14
15EOF从 ubuntu 24 开始，已经支持 DEB822 配置方法
apt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3Types: deb
4URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
5Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
6Components: main universe restricted multiverse
7Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
8
9Types: deb
10URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
11Suites: noble-security
12Components: main universe restricted multiverse
13Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
14
15EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
4deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
5
6deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
7deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
8
9deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
10deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11
12deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
13deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
14
15deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
16deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
17
18EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
4deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
5
6deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
7deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
8
9deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
10deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11
12deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
13deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
14
15deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
16deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
17
18EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
4deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
5
6deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
7deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
8
9deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
10deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11
12deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
13deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
14
15deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
16deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
17
18EOF清华大学 开源软件镜像站：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
清华大学 各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像 下载地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/
因镜像站同步有延迟，可能会导致生产环境系统不能及时检查、安装上最新的安全更新，不建议替换 security 源
apt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse
6deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
7# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
8deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
9# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
10
11# 以下安全更新软件源为官方源配置
12deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse
13# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse
14
15# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
16# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
17# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18
19EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
6deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
7# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
8deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
9# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
10
11# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
12deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
13# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
14
15# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
16# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
17# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18
19EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
5deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
8deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
11deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
12
13# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新
17deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
18deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
19
20# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
21# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
22# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
23
24EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
5deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
8deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
11deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
12
13# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新
17deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
18deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
19
20# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
21# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
22# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
23
24EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
5deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
8deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
11deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
12
13# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新
17deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
18deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
19
20# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
21# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
22# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
23
24EOF中国科学技术大学 开源软件镜像：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
清华大学 各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像 下载地址：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/
因镜像站同步有延迟，可能会导致生产环境系统不能及时检查、安装上最新的安全更新，不建议替换 security 源。 如果有官方源下载速度不理想等问题，想通过镜像站下载安全更新， 可以将 security 源地址从 http://security.ubuntu.com/ 替换为 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/，即 sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
apt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse
8# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12
13deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
17# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
19EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
8# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12
13deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
17# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
19
20EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
8# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12
13deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
17# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
19
20EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
8# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12
13deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
17# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
19
20EOFapt 软件源仓库
1cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
2
3# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
4deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
5# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
6
7deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
8# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
9
10deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
11# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12
13deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15
16# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
17# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
18# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
19
20EOFUbuntu 的 LTS（长期支持）版本每两年发布一次，是企业和个人用户的首选。以下是您询问的各版本的核心信息汇总。
| 版本号 | 代号 | 发布日期 | 初始 Linux 内核 | 主要变化与亮点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.04 | Bionic Beaver | 2018年4月26日 | 4.15 | 默认桌面环境由 Unity 切换回 GNOME，增强 UEFI 安全启动。 |
| 20.04 | Focal Fossa | 2020年4月23日 | 5.4 | 改进 UI（Fractional Scaling），引入 ZFS 文件系统支持，登录界面升级。 |
| 22.04 | Jammy Jellyfish | 2022年4月21日 | 5.15 | 引入 Flutter 编写的新安装程序，GNOME 42，支持 Wayland 作为默认显示协议。 |
| 24.04 | Noble Numbat | 2024年4月25日 | 6.8 | 全面升级安装器，支持 Raspberry Pi 5，引入 TPM 备份的全盘加密。 |
| 26.04 | Resolute Raccoon | 2026年4月23日 | 7.0 | Wayland-only 桌面会话，支持后量子密码学（Post-quantum cryptography）。 |
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 这是 Ubuntu 历史上的一个重要转折点，Canonical 停止了自研的 Unity 桌面环境，全面回归 GNOME，让系统更接近原生 Linux 体验，同时也加强了对服务器架构（如 s390x）的支持。
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 重点在于稳定性和现代化的视觉提升。它引入了 fractional scaling（分数缩放），解决了高分辨率屏幕（如 4K）下图标过小的问题，并大幅提升了启动速度。
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 这一版本标志着 Ubuntu 在安装体验上的现代化，采用了基于 Flutter 的安装程序。在性能方面，它开始将 Wayland 作为默认显示服务，这在当时是提高图形稳定性和多显示器支持的关键一步。
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) 不仅在底层内核上做了大幅优化，还进一步加强了安全性，包括实验性支持 TPM 2.0 实现无密码自动解密启动（Full Disk Encryption），这对于企业级设备部署非常重要。
Ubuntu 26.04 LTS (Resolute Raccoon) 作为当前最新的长期支持版本，它彻底抛弃了对旧版 X11 的强制依赖，全面转向 Wayland 桌面会话，并在网络安全层面增加了对后量子加密的支持，以应对未来计算环境的挑战。
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