Ubuntu 是一个广泛使用的开源操作系统，有许多国内镜像源可供选择。主要有：清华大学开源软件镜像站、中科大镜像站、阿里云镜像站等，这些镜像站都提供 Ubuntu 软件仓库的镜像，用于加速 ubuntu 各软件的安装、更新等操作。执行软件仓库更新前，建议执行 ` mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak `备份默认软件仓库。 ## 阿里云 **阿里云官方镜像站**：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ **阿里云各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像下载地址**：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/ ### Ubuntu 26.04 (resolute) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources << EOF Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu Suites: resolute resolute-updates resolute-backports Components: main universe restricted multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu Suites: resolute-security Components: main universe restricted multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 24.04 (noble) > 从 ubuntu 24 开始，已经支持 DEB822 配置方法 **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports Components: main universe restricted multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu Suites: noble-security Components: main universe restricted multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ## 清华大学 **清华大学开源软件镜像站**：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ **清华大学各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像下载地址**：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/ > 因镜像站同步有延迟，可能会导致生产环境系统不能及时检查、安装上最新的安全更新，不建议替换 security 源 ### Ubuntu 26.04 (resolute) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 以下安全更新软件源为官方源配置 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 24.04 (noble) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse # 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 可注释源码镜像（deb-src 设置）以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse # 使用 ubuntu 官方软件源更新 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ## 中国科学技术大学 **中国科学技术大学开源软件镜像**：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ **清华大学各版本 Ubuntu 系统镜像下载地址**：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/ > 因镜像站同步有延迟，可能会导致生产环境系统不能及时检查、安装上最新的安全更新，不建议替换 security 源。如果有官方源下载速度不理想等问题，想通过镜像站下载安全更新，可以将 security 源地址从 http://security.ubuntu.com/ 替换为 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/，即 sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list ### Ubuntu 26.04 (resolute) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ resolute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 24.04 (noble) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` ### Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic) **apt 软件源仓库** ```c cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF # 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse EOF ``` --- ## Ubuntu 各版本主要变化及新特性 Ubuntu 的 LTS（长期支持）版本每两年发布一次，是企业和个人用户的首选。以下是您询问的各版本的核心信息汇总。 ### Ubuntu LTS 版本对比表 | 版本号 | 代号 | 发布日期 | 初始 Linux 内核 | 主要变化与亮点 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **18.04** | Bionic Beaver | 2018年4月26日 | 4.15 | 默认桌面环境由 Unity 切换回 **GNOME**，增强 UEFI 安全启动。 | | **20.04** | Focal Fossa | 2020年4月23日 | 5.4 | 改进 UI（Fractional Scaling），引入 **ZFS** 文件系统支持，登录界面升级。 | | **22.04** | Jammy Jellyfish | 2022年4月21日 | 5.15 | 引入 **Flutter** 编写的新安装程序，GNOME 42，支持 Wayland 作为默认显示协议。 | | **24.04** | Noble Numbat | 2024年4月25日 | 6.8 | 全面升级安装器，支持 **Raspberry Pi 5**，引入 TPM 备份的全盘加密。 | | **26.04** | Resolute Raccoon | 2026年4月23日 | 7.0 | **Wayland-only** 桌面会话，支持后量子密码学（Post-quantum cryptography）。 | --- ### 各版本核心变化解析 * **Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)** 这是 Ubuntu 历史上的一个重要转折点，Canonical 停止了自研的 Unity 桌面环境，全面回归 GNOME，让系统更接近原生 Linux 体验，同时也加强了对服务器架构（如 s390x）的支持。 * **Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)** 重点在于稳定性和现代化的视觉提升。它引入了 fractional scaling（分数缩放），解决了高分辨率屏幕（如 4K）下图标过小的问题，并大幅提升了启动速度。 * **Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)** 这一版本标志着 Ubuntu 在安装体验上的现代化，采用了基于 Flutter 的安装程序。在性能方面，它开始将 Wayland 作为默认显示服务，这在当时是提高图形稳定性和多显示器支持的关键一步。 * **Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat)** 不仅在底层内核上做了大幅优化，还进一步加强了安全性，包括实验性支持 TPM 2.0 实现无密码自动解密启动（Full Disk Encryption），这对于企业级设备部署非常重要。 * **Ubuntu 26.04 LTS (Resolute Raccoon)** 作为当前最新的长期支持版本，它彻底抛弃了对旧版 X11 的强制依赖，全面转向 Wayland 桌面会话，并在网络安全层面增加了对后量子加密的支持，以应对未来计算环境的挑战。 --- ***码字不易，若觉得本文对你有用，欢迎**点赞 👍、分享 🚀 **，相关技术热点时时看**🔥🔥🔥...*

JiaWen 技术圈

最新文章

分类

最热文章